![]() ![]() Like those are there and they are all canceling out. I am not going to draw every atom and nucleus. Since these all cancel out their overall charge, Messy if we try to draw it with all the atoms, so Then what happens? Well, it'll get really What happens if we add extra charge? Maybe we add extra negatives into here. Positives in the nucleus as there are negatives surrounding them and that's true for theĬonductors and insulators. Started off right here we had just as many If we add extra charge to these insulators or conductors. Even though the charges can'tįlow through an insulator, they can still interact electrically. Up where the positive is shifted from the negative, this material, if you getĪll of them to do this or a lot of them, this can create an overall electricalĮffect where this insulator can interact with other charges nearby and exert forces on them. Even though the electron doesn't move, and the electrons don't move, now because this is set This side of the atom would be more negative, and this side of the atom Over on the other end so what you get is overall Positive may be this way, and the the negatives This nucleus and the cloud of electrons can kind of shift a little bit. ![]() Insulator up to a battery or set up some sort ofĮlectric field or force in here even though the electrons in an insulator can't jump from atom to atom, what it can do is it can shift. It is not completely true because if I set this Just use if we don't want "electrical interaction." While that is somewhat true, The electrons are stuck which might make you think that "Well, okay, shoot, forĪbout are the conductors. If that did happen, theĮlectrons in a conductor start migrating down the line but in an insulator, Going to do this on their own, they have to be compelled to start moving by hooking this up to a battery or setting up some sort ofĮlectric field or force. For the conductors, theĮlectrons can do this. Is basically stuck, These electrons might be able to jump around in their own atoms or get shared in a neighboring atom, but it can't jump aroundįreely from atom to atom and travel throughout the insulator. These don't have the rightĮnergy levels and bands in order to make theseĮlectrons move around freely. ![]() With almost no resistance, whereas for insulators a key difference is that these electronsĬannot move around freely. There are electrons in a conductor that can move about relatively freely. The thing that might be able to move are the negatively charged electrons, and here's the difference. These things can move and migrate around, but for a solid the positively charge nucleus is fixed. Throughout the material for either an insulator or a conductor as long as it's a solid. Maybe a little bit in place, but it can't travel freely I mean it can wiggle around and jiggle just from thermal vibrations, That for both conductors and insulators, the positivelyĬharge nucleus cannot move. Swarm of electrons that surround that nucleus. Positively charged nucleus and a negatively charged Before I talk about theĭifferences, one similarity is that both insulators andĬonductors are composed of a huge number of atoms and molecules and these atoms and molecules, whether it be insulator or conductor, are composed of a Before I talk about theĭifferences between these, here I have two solid cylinders of either an insulating material You can get pretty far assuming that it's eitherĪn insulating material electrically or a conducting Of electrical materials but for most introductory physics classes and problems and tests, ![]() There are semi-conductorsĪnd super conductors and other exotic forms Universe can be broken down into a category of insulator,Įlectrical insulator, or electrical conductor. It's useful to pretend like all materials in the Some scientists are using their knowledge of plastics, organic chemistry, and knowledge from the semiconductor industry to make "organic semiconductors", or essentially making electronics out of carbon-based materials instead of doped silicon. I don't know much about plastics, but the topic seems very interesting, because plastics and semiconductor electronics often end up being toxic waste, and become harmful. The process might involve "doping" which is used to make semiconductors, or it might involve treating the plastic with metal ions, to make it conductive.īut these are specialty chemicals that are too expensive to be commercialized (they only exist in labs perhaps) the most common plastics are thermoplastics (these include Nylon, Acrylic, and PLA) which can be molded into shapes and products. I'm not sure what this process is, or how they synthesize conductive plastics, but it is probably expensive and complicated. Materials engineers and chemists have found ways to make conductive plastics by altering regular plastics through some process. ![]()
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